Yasm User Manual

Table of Contents

Preface

1. Introduction

2. License

3. Material Covered in this Book

I. Using Yasm

1. Running Yasm

1.1. yasm Synopsis

1.2. Description

1.3. Options

1.3.1. General Options

1.3.2. Warning Options

1.3.3. Preprocessor Options

1.4. Supported Target Architectures

1.5. Supported Parsers (Syntaxes)

1.6. Supported Object Formats

1.7. Supported Debugging Formats

2. VSYASM - Yasm for Microsoft Visual Studio 2010

2.1. Integration Steps

2.2. Alternative Integration Steps

2.3. Using VSYASM

II. NASM Syntax

3. The NASM Language

3.1. Layout of a NASM Source Line

3.2. Pseudo-Instructions

3.2.1. DB and Friends: Declaring Initialized Data

3.2.2. RESB and Friends: Declaring Uninitialized Data

3.2.3. INCBIN: Including External Binary Files

3.2.4. EQU: Defining Constants

3.2.5. TIMES: Repeating Instructions or Data

3.3. Effective Addresses

3.3.1. 64-bit Displacements

3.3.2. RIP Relative Addressing

3.4. Immediate Operands

3.5. Constants

3.5.1. Numeric Constants

3.5.2. Character Constants

3.5.3. String Constants

3.5.4. Floating-Point Constants

3.6. Expressions

3.6.1. |: Bitwise OR Operator

3.6.2. ^: Bitwise XOR Operator

3.6.3. &: Bitwise AND Operator

3.6.4. << and >>: Bit Shift Operators

3.6.5. + and -: Addition and Subtraction Operators

3.6.6. *, /, //, % and %%: Multiplication and Division

3.6.7. Unary Operators: +, -, ~ and SEG

3.6.8. SEG and WRT

3.7. STRICT: Inhibiting Optimization

3.8. Critical Expressions

3.9. Local Labels

4. The NASM Preprocessor

4.1. Single-Line Macros

4.1.1. The Normal Way: %define

4.1.2. Enhancing %define: %xdefine

4.1.3. Concatenating Single Line Macro Tokens: %+

4.1.4. Undefining macros: %undef

4.1.5. Preprocessor Variables: %assign

4.2. String Handling in Macros

4.2.1. String Length: %strlen

4.2.2. Sub-strings: %substr

4.3. Multi-Line Macros

4.3.1. Overloading Multi-Line Macros

4.3.2. Macro-Local Labels

4.3.3. Greedy Macro Parameters

4.3.4. Default Macro Parameters

4.3.5. %0: Macro Parameter Counter

4.3.6. %rotate: Rotating Macro Parameters

4.3.7. Concatenating Macro Parameters

4.3.8. Condition Codes as Macro Parameters

4.3.9. Disabling Listing Expansion

4.4. Conditional Assembly

4.4.1. %ifdef: Testing Single-Line Macro Existence

4.4.2. %ifmacro: Testing Multi-Line Macro Existence

4.4.3. %ifctx: Testing the Context Stack

4.4.4. %if: Testing Arbitrary Numeric Expressions

4.4.5. %ifidn and %ifidni: Testing Exact Text Identity

4.4.6. %ifid, %ifnum, %ifstr: Testing Token Types

4.4.7. %error: Reporting User-Defined Errors

4.5. Preprocessor Loops

4.6. Including Other Files

4.7. The Context Stack

4.7.1. %push and %pop: Creating and Removing Contexts

4.7.2. Context-Local Labels

4.7.3. Context-Local Single-Line Macros

4.7.4. %repl: Renaming a Context

4.7.5. Example Use of the Context Stack: Block IFs

4.8. Standard Macros

4.8.1. __YASM_MAJOR__, etc: Yasm Version

4.8.2. __FILE__ and __LINE__: File Name and Line Number

4.8.3. __YASM_OBJFMT__ and __OUTPUT_FORMAT__: Output Object Format Keyword

4.8.4. STRUC and ENDSTRUC: Declaring Structure Data Types

4.8.5. ISTRUC, AT and IEND: Declaring Instances of Structures

4.8.6. ALIGN and ALIGNB: Data Alignment

5. NASM Assembler Directives

5.1. Specifying Target Processor Mode

5.1.1. BITS

5.1.2. USE16, USE32, and USE64

5.2. DEFAULT: Change the assembler defaults

5.3. Changing and Defining Sections

5.3.1. SECTION and SEGMENT

5.3.2. Standardized Section Names

5.3.3. The __SECT__ Macro

5.4. ABSOLUTE: Defining Absolute Labels

5.5. EXTERN: Importing Symbols

5.6. GLOBAL: Exporting Symbols

5.7. COMMON: Defining Common Data Areas

5.8. CPU: Defining CPU Dependencies

III. GAS Syntax

6. TBD

IV. Object Formats

7. bin: Flat-Form Binary Output

7.1. ORG: Binary Origin

7.2. bin Extensions to the SECTION Directive

7.3. bin Special Symbols

7.4. Map Files

8. coff: Common Object File Format

9. elf32: Executable and Linkable Format 32-bit Object Files

9.1. Debugging Format Support

9.2. ELF Sections

9.3. ELF Directives

9.3.1. IDENT: Add file identification

9.3.2. SIZE: Set symbol size

9.3.3. TYPE: Set symbol type

9.3.4. WEAK: Create weak symbol

9.4. ELF Extensions to the GLOBAL Directive

9.5. ELF Extensions to the COMMON Directive

9.6. elf32 Special Symbols and WRT

10. elf64: Executable and Linkable Format 64-bit Object Files

10.1. elf64 Special Symbols and WRT

11. elfx32: ELF 32-bit Object Files for 64-bit Processors

11.1. elfx32 Special Symbols and WRT

12. macho32: Mach 32-bit Object File Format

13. macho64: Mach 64-bit Object File Format

14. rdf: Relocatable Dynamic Object File Format

15. win32: Microsoft Win32 Object Files

15.1. win32 Extensions to the SECTION Directive

15.2. win32: Safe Structured Exception Handling

16. win64: PE32+ (Microsoft Win64) Object Files

16.1. win64 Extensions to the SECTION Directive

16.2. win64 Structured Exception Handling

16.2.1. x64 Stack, Register and Function Parameter Conventions

16.2.2. Types of Functions

16.2.3. Frame Function Structure

16.2.4. Stack Frame Details

16.2.5. Yasm Primitives for Unwind Operations

16.2.6. Yasm Macros for Formal Stack Operations

17. xdf: Extended Dynamic Object Format

V. Debugging Formats

18. cv8: CodeView Debugging Format for VC8

19. dwarf2: DWARF2 Debugging Format

20. stabs: Stabs Debugging Format

VI. Architectures

21. x86 Architecture

21.1. Instructions

21.1.1. NOP Padding

21.2. Execution Modes and Extensions

21.2.1. CPU Options

21.3. Registers

21.4. Segmentation

Index